U.S.+History


 * Copernicus**
 * Believed in the heliocentric solar system ( the idea that the earth revolves around the sun)


 * Newton & Kepler and the Scientific Revolution-** a period of time in history when people move away from religion as an explanation for the human condition and begin to rely more on logical explanations.

~ The process of Reasoning could explain happenings in nature

~ Newton develops scientific theories for gravity and motion



It was the rebirth of ideas from Greece and Rome that started in Italy, which was a good trade location.
 * The Renaissance**



~Printing press was used for the spread of ideas during the Renaissance and Reformation



Freedman's Bureau -Helped African Americans make the transition from slave to free. - Provided food, clothes, and jobs.

Frederick Douglas -Abolitionist -Former slave who escaped. -Published the North Star.

Ulysses S Grant -Commanding general of the Union armies. -Accepted surrender to Lee which ended the Civil War.

William Sherman "March to the Sea" -Goal was to end the civil war, destroy the railroad, burn bridges, and kill crops/ livestock. -weaken the south.

Abolitionist -wanted to end slavery -consisted of Stowe, Garrison, Brown, Douglas.

W.E.B. Dubois -black man whom was an activist for African Americans. -in 1910 he worked as a publications director at the NAACP.

Jim Crow Laws -Separate facilities for black and whites. -Passed to keep blacks from gaining power.

Missouri Compromise -Made Missouri a slave state Maine a free state.

No slavery north of 36'30 parallel -Ease tension between North and South.

Plessey vs. Ferguson
 * Segregation is legal
 * Overturned by Brown vs. Board of Education said segregation is illegal

John C Calhoun
 * Came up with the Kentucky/Virginia resolution
 * Fought for states rights

Nullification Crisis (South Carolina)
 * Southern states want to nullify tax by congress. The tax hurt the south John C Calhoun on south's side Andrew Jackson favored the north.

John Brown's Raid on Harper's Ferry City of Vicksburg, Mississippi- Fortress City during Civil War 1863
 * increased sectionalism of slavery
 * attempt by white abolitionist John Brown to start an armed slave revolt by seizing a United States Arsenal at Harper's Ferry Virginia in 1859.
 * John Brown had originally asked Harriet Tubman, Frederick Douglass to join him but illness prevented Tubman from joining him and Douglass believed his plan would fail and did not join him for that reason.
 * The last Confederate-controlled section on the Mississippi River.
 * The Union Army under Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant gained control of hte river by capturing this stronghold, defeating Lt. Gen. John C. Pemberton's foreces stationed there.

Gettysburg
 * The Gettysburg Campaign was a series of battles fought in June and July 1863, during the American Civil War.
 * After his victory in the Battle of Chancellorsville, Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia moved north for offensive operations in Maryland and Pennsylvania.
 * The Union Army of the Potomac, commanded by Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker and then (from June 28) by Maj. Gen. George G. Meade, pursued Lee, defeated him at the Battle of Gettysburg, but allowed him to escape back to Virginia.